Ketone
A ketone has the carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two other carbons — never at the end of the chain (that would be an aldehyde). It's the functional group behind common solvents like acetone.
General formula
R–CO–R'
Naming rule
Name = main chain + suffix -one, with the carbonyl's locant when there's ambiguity (e.g., pentan-2-one vs. pentan-3-one).
Examples
| Name | Formula |
|---|---|
| Propanone (acetone) | (CH₃)₂CO |
| Butan-2-one | CH₃COC₂H₅ |
| Pentan-2-one | CH₃CO(CH₂)₂CH₃ |
| Cyclohexanone | C₆H₁₀O, ring |